Behavioral responses of bioluminescent fireflies to artificial light at night

Bioluminescent insects have been the subject of scientific interest and popular wonder for millennia. But in 21st century, fireflies, click beetles, cave glow-worms that brighten our nights are threatened by an unprecedented competitor: anthropogenic light pollution. Artificial lights can obscure light-based signals on which these other bioluminescent organisms rely to court mates, deter predators, attract prey. In following review we summarize a recent influx research into behavioral consequences artificial at night firefly beetles (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), organize four distinct courtship signaling systems. We conclude highlighting several opportunities further advance this emerging field offering set up-to-date lighting recommendations help land managers stakeholders balance public safety ecological sustainability.